Go back

At a Glance:

Administration: Paper-and-pencil, CD, or computer administration
Administer to: Individuals 18 years and older
Completion Time: 60-90 minutes (567 true/false items)
Reading Level: 5 grade (Lexile average), 4.6 grade (Flesch-Kincaid)Qualification level: C-Level

Publication Date: 1989, revised 2001

Language: Spanish, French for Canada, Hmong

 

Product Summary

Overview

Relevant to a range of contemporary applications, the MMPI-2 instrument remains the most widely used and widely researched test of adult psychopathology. Used by clinicians to assist with the diagnosis of mental disorders and the selection of appropriate treatment methods, the MMPI-2 test continues to help meet the assessment needs of mental health professionals in an ever-changing environment.

Numerous Uses

The MMPI-2 test’s contemporary normative sample and extensive research base help make it the gold standard in assessment for a wide variety of settings. The test can be used to help:

• Assess major symptoms of social and personal maladjustment.

• Identify suitable candidates for high-risk public safety positions.

• Give a strong empirical foundation for a clinician's expert testimony.

• Assess medical patients and design effective treatment strategies, including chronic pain management.

• Evaluate participants in substance abuse programs and select appropriate treatment approaches.

• Support college and career counseling recommendations.

• Provide valuable insight for marriage and family counseling.

Key Features

• Descriptive and diagnostic information relevant to today’s clients.

Tailored reports present interpretive information for specific settings to help meet a wide range of needs.

• Nationally representative normative sample.

Normative sample consists of 1,138 males and 1,462 females between the ages of 18 and 80 from several regions and diverse communities within the U.S.

• Flexible administration and scoring.

The test can be administered in several formats: traditional paper-and-pencil, CD recording, and computer. To help meet the needs of more individuals, the MMPI-2 test can be administered in English, Spanish, Hmong, and French for Canada.

Quick Facts

 

Publisher Statement

The University of Minnesota Press is the publisher of the MMPI® instruments, representing the Regents of the University of Minnesota which hold copyright on the instruments. As publisher, the Press, working with its Advisory Board and consultants, is responsible for the substantive development of the tests, including any revisions to them. The University exclusively licenses Pearson to produce, market, and sell the MMPI test products and to offer scoring and interpretive services.

Date Published

1989, revised  2001

Administer To

Individuals 18 years and older

Reading Level

5 grade (Lexile average), 4.6 grade (Flesch-Kincaid)

Completion Time

60–90 minutes (567 true/false items)

Formats

Paper-and-pencil, CD, or computer administration

Report Options
 

Extended Score Report

The Minnesota Report™: Adult Clinical System-Revised Interpretive Report

The Minnesota Report: Revised Personnel System, 3rd Edition Interpretive Report

The Minnesota Report: Revised Personnel System, 3rd Edition Adjustment Rating Report

The Minnesota Report: Interpretive Reports for Forensic Settings

Scoring Options

Q™ Local Software
Mail-in Scoring Service
Hand Scoring

Scales

9 Validity Scales*
5 Superlative Self-Presentation Subscales*
10 Clinical Scales
9 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales
15 Content Scales*
27 Content Component Scales*
20 Supplementary Scales*
31 Clinical Subscales* (Harris-Lingoes and Social Introversion Subscales)
Various special or setting-specific indices*

Norms

Nationwide adult community sample

Test Monographs Series

Eight Test Monographs include information beyond what is available in the manual.

*Not included in all reports

 

Scales

Validity Scales

? - Cannot Say (reported as a raw score only, not plotted)
VRIN - Variable Response Inconsistency
TRIN - True Response Inconsistency 
F - Infrequency
FB - Back F
FP - Infrequency–Psychopathology
FBS - Symptom Validity Scale
L - Lie
K - Correction
S - Superlative Self-Presentation
Superlative Self-Presentation Subscales
S1 - Beliefs in Human Goodness
S2 - Serenity
S3 - Contentment with Life
S4 - Patience/Denial of Irritability
S5 - Denial of Moral Flaws

Clinical Scales
1 Hs - Hypochondriasis
2 D - Depression
3 Hy - Hysteria
4 Pd - Psychopathic Deviate
5 Mf - Masculinity–Femininity
6 Pa - Paranoia
7 Pt - Psychasthenia
8 Sc - Schizophrenia
9 Ma - Hypomania
0 Si - Social Introversion

Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales
(Extended Score Report)
RCd - dem - Demoralization
RC1 - som - Somatic Complaints
RC2 - lpe - Low Positive Emotions
RC3 - cyn - Cynicism
RC4 - asb - Antisocial Behavior
RC6 - per - Ideas of Persecution
RC7 - dne - Dysfunctional Negative Emotions
RC8 - abx - Aberrant Experiences
RC9 - hpm - Hypomanic Activation
 

Clinical Subscales 
(Extended Score Report and The Minnesota Reports)
Harris-Lingoes Subscales
D1 - Subjective Depression
D2 - Psychomotor Retardation
D3 - Physical Malfunctioning
D4 - Mental Dullness
D5 - Brooding
Hy1 - Denial of Social Anxiety
Hy2 - Need for Affection
Hy3 - Lassitude-Malaise
Hy4 - Somatic Complaints
Hy5 - Inhibition of Aggression
Pd1 - Familial Discord
Pd2 - Authority Problems
Pd3 - Social Imperturbability
Pd4 - Social Alienation
Pd5 - Self-Alienation
Pa1 - Persecutory Ideas
Pa2 - Poignancy
Pa3 - Naiveté
Sc1 - Social Alienation
Sc2 - Emotional Alienation
Sc3 - Lack of Ego Mastery, Cognitive
Sc4 - Lack of Ego Mastery, Conative
Sc5 - Lack of Ego Mastery, Defective Inhibition
Sc6 - Bizarre Sensory Experiences
Ma1 - Amorality
Ma2 - Psychomotor Acceleration
Ma3 - Imperturbability
Ma4 - Ego Inflation
Social Introversion Subscales
Si1 - Shyness/Self-Consciousness
Si2 - Social Avoidance
Si3 - Alienation – Self and Others

Content Scales 
(Extended Score Report, The Minnesota Reports, and Criminal Justice and Correctional Report)
ANX - Anxiety
FRS - Fears
OBS - Obsessiveness
DEP - Depression
HEA - Health Concerns
BIZ - Bizarre Mentation
ANG - Anger
CYN - Cynicism
ASP - Antisocial Practices
TPA - Type A
LSE - Low Self-Esteem
SOD - Social Discomfort
FAM - Family Problems
WRK - Work Interference
TRT - Negative Treatment Indicators

Content Component Scales 
(Extended Score Report and The Minnesota Reports)
Fears Subscales
FRS1 - Generalized Fearfulness
FRS2 - Multiple Fears
Depression Subscales
DEP1 - Lack of Drive
DEP2 - Dysphoria
DEP3 - Self-Depreciation
DEP4 - Suicidal Ideation
Health Concerns Subscales
HEA1 - Gastrointestinal Symptoms
HEA2 - Neurological Symptoms
HEA3 - General Health Concerns
Bizarre Mentation Subscales
BIZ1 - Psychotic Symptomatology
BIZ2 - Schizotypal Characteristics
Anger Subscales
ANG1 - Explosive Behavior
ANG2 - Irritability
Cynicism Subscales
CYN1 - Misanthropic Beliefs
CYN2 - Interpersonal Suspiciousness
Antisocial Practices Subscales
ASP1 - Antisocial Attitudes
ASP2 - Antisocial Behavior
Type A Subscales
TPA1 - Impatience
TPA2 - Competitive Drive
Low Self-Esteem Subscales
LSE1 - Self-Doubt
LSE2 - Submissiveness
Social Discomfort
SOD1 - Introversion
SOD2 - Shyness
Family Problems
FAM1 - Family Discord
FAM2 - Familial Alienation
Negative Treatment Indicators
TRT1 - Low Motivation
TRT2 - Inability to Disclose

Supplementary Scales
(Extended Score Report, The Minnesota Reports, and Criminal Justice and Correctional Report)
Personality Psychopathology Five Scales (PSY-5)
AGGR - Aggressiveness
PSYC - Psychoticism
DISC - Disconstraint
NEGE - Negative Emotionality/Neuroticism
INTR - Introversion/Low Positive Emotionality
Broad Personality Characteristics
A - Anxiety
R - Repression
Es - Ego Strength
Do - Dominance
Re - Social Responsibility
Generalized Emotional Distress
Mt - College Maladjustment
PK - Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder–Keane
MDS - Marital Distress
Behavioral Dyscontrol
Ho - Hostility
O-H - Overcontrolled Hostility
MAC-R - MacAndrew–Revised
AAS - Addiction Admission
APS - Addiction Potential
Gender Role
GM - Gender Role – Masculine
GF - Gender Role – Feminine

Special Indices 
Welsh Code 
F–K Dissimulation Index 
Percent True and Percent False
Average Profile Elevation

Setting-Specific Indices 
P-A-I-N Classification (only with Adult Clinical Interpretive Report)

Special Score 
(Forensic Report only if applicable)
Gass Head Injury Items

 

Norms

The MMPI-2 normative samples consist of 1,138 males and1,462 females from diverse geographic regions and communities across the United States. Individuals between the ages of 18 and 80 were recruited for inclusion in the samples. The revised MMPI-2 Manual for Administration, Scoring and Interpretation describes the distributions of age, geographic location, ethnic origin, educational attainment, marital status, occupation, and income level in the male and female samples.

MMPI-2 Non-Gendered Norms

Non-gendered T scores appear in the Revised Personnel System, 3rd Edition Reports, the Reports for Forensic Settings, and the Extended Score Report. It is possible to suppress the non-gendered T scores in printing these reports. A test monograph covering the development and use of the non-gendered norms is available from the University of Minnesota Press and Pearson.

MMPI-2 Non-K-Corrected Norms

A profile of non-K-corrected T scores is available only in the Extended Score Report. It is provided in addition to the standard K-corrected Validity and Clinical Scales Profile. It is possible to suppress the non-K-corrected T scores when printing the Extended Score Report. Click here to link to a selected bibliography on MMPI-2 non-K-corrected T scores.

 

Report Options

Extended Score Report (Product Number 51438)

This report presents the following MMPI-2 scales:

• Validity and Clinical Scales — profiled

• Non-K-corrected Validity and Clinical Scales — profiled (optional)

• Clinical Subscales (Harris-Lingoes and Social Introversion subscales) — scale scores reported only

• Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales — profiled

• Content Scales — profiled

• Content Component Scales — scale scores reported only

• Supplementary Scales (includes the PSY-5 Scales) — profiled

Critical items and omitted items are also provided.

Note. The Extended Score PLUS Report (product number 51439) was discontinued in 1999.

View a sample Extended Score Report.

The Minnesota Report: Adult Clinical System, 4th Edition Interpretive Report(Product Number 51487).
Provides a comprehensive psychological picture of a client. This report presents the following MMPI-2 scales:

• Validity and Clinical Scales — profiled

• Superlative Self-Presentation Subscales — scale scores reported only

• Clinical Subscales (Harris-Lingoes and Social Introversion subscales) — scale scores reported only

• Content Scales — profiled

• Content Component Scales — scale scores reported only

• Supplementary Scales — profiled (includes the PSY-5 Scales — scale scores reported only)

Lists of critical items and omitted items are also provided.

In addition, the report provides an objective narrative assessment of your client's responses and compares the profile data to data from setting-specific research samples. The settings that are considered in the interpretation are:

• Outpatient Mental Health

• Inpatient Mental Health

• General Medical

• Chronic Pain

• Correctional

• College Counseling

• Alcohol & Drug Treatment

The narrative report contains the following sections: Profile Validity, Symptomatic Patterns, Profile Frequency, Profile Stability, Interpersonal Relations, Diagnostic Considerations, and Treatment Considerations.

Review sample reports.

The Minnesota Report: Revised Personnel System, 3rd Edition Interpretive Report (Product Number 51442)
This report presents the following MMPI-2 scales:

• Validity and Clinical Scales — profiled

• Superlative Self-Presentation Subscales — scale scores reported only

• Clinical Subscales (Harris-Lingoes and Social Introversion subscales) — scale scores reported only

• Content Scales — profiled

• Content Component Scales — scale scores reported only

• Supplementary Scales — profiled (includes the PSY-5 scales — scale scores reported only)

In addition, the report compares the profile data to data from occupation-specific research samples and provides occupation-specific mean profiles. The occupations that are considered in the interpretation are:

• Nuclear Power Facility

• Law Enforcement

• Airline Pilots

• Medical and Psychology Students

• Firefighters/Paramedics

• Seminary Students

• Other

Note: Air Traffic Controller was discontinued in 2001.

The narrative report contains the following sections: Profile Validity, Personal Adjustment, Interpersonal Relations, Profile Frequency, Contemporary Personnel Base Rate Information, Profile Stability, Possible Employment Problems, Content Themes, and Work Dysfunction Items.

View a sample Revised Personnel System Report.

The Minnesota Report: Revised Personnel System, 3rd Edition Adjustment Rating Report (Product Number 51441)
This report presents the following MMPI-2 scales:

• Validity and Clinical Scales — profiled

• Superlative Self-Presentation Subscales — scale scores reported only

• Clinical Subscales (Harris-Lingoes subscales and Social Introversion subscales) — scale scores reported only

• Content Scales — profiled

• Content Component Scales — scale scores reported only

• Supplementary Scales — profiled (includes the PSY-5 Scales — scale scores reported only)

In addition, the report rates the applicant on five important work-related dimensions: Openness to Evaluation, Social Facility, Addiction Potential, Stress Tolerance, and Overall Adjustment. Content themes and specific Work Dysfunction items are also reported.

View a sample Revised Personnel System Report.

The Minnesota Report: Reports for Forensic Settings (Product Number 51515)
Each report in this series presents the following MMPI-2 scales:

• Validity and Clinical Scales — profiled

• Superlative Self-Presentation Subscales — scale scores reported only

• Clinical Subscales (Harris-Lingoes and Social Introversion subscales) — scale scores reported only

• Content Scales — profiled

• Content Component Scales — scale scores reported only

• Supplementary Scales — profiled (includes the PSY-5 Scales — scale scores reported only)

Lists of omitted items and Gass Head Injury items (Personal Injury Neurological setting only) are also provided.

In addition, this report series is customized for six forensic settings. Each of the reports provides an objective narrative assessment of your client's responses and compares the profile data to data from setting-specific research samples. The settings are:

• Child Custody

• Personal Injury

• Personal Injury (Neurological)

• Pre-trial Criminal

• General Corrections

• Competency/Commitment

The narrative includes the following sections: Profile Validity, Symptomatic Patterns, Profile Frequency, Profile Stability, Interpersonal Relations, Mental Health Considerations, and Setting-Specific Considerations.

View a sample report for Forensic Settings.

Scoring Options

Q™ Local Software - Enables you to score assessments, report results, and store and export data on your computer.

Mail-in Scoring Service - Specially designed answer sheets are mailed to us for processing within 24–48 hours of receipt and returned via regular mail.

Hand Scoring - Administer assessments on answer sheets and score them yourself with answer keys and profile/record forms.